Chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures due to abnormal electrical discharges in the brain. Seizures manifest with variable symptoms: convulsions, loss of consciousness, involuntary movements, sensory alterations. Generalized seizures (involving both cerebral hemispheres) and focal seizures (originating in a specific area) are distinguished.
Epilepsy affects about 50 million people worldwide and can occur at any age, with peaks in childhood and after 60 years. Causes include: brain injuries, genetic predisposition, infections, tumors, stroke. Diagnosis is based on medical history, EEG and neuroimaging. The main treatment is antiepileptic drugs, effective in 70% of cases. In drug-resistant cases, surgery, ketogenic diet, vagus nerve stimulation are evaluated. Most people with controlled epilepsy can lead a normal life with adequate support.
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Author: DisabilityHub Editorial Team
Created: 01/25/2026
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